最小二乘配置模型在 GPS 高程拟合中的应用     

刘玉婵  王延霞  李鹏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(8):67-69

经典的平差函数模型中只含有无先验统计信息的非随机参数,而针对附有随机参数的平差问题具有很大的局限性,为此在GPS高程拟合中,本文用最小二乘配置模型解决了这一问题,并且通过实际算例,设计两种最小二乘配置拟合方案与二次曲面拟合法进行了比较,结果表明,最小二乘配置拟合残差较小,外符合精度较高,高程拟合效果更好。  相似文献   

地面固定式激光扫描点云中建筑物墙面信息的识别提取     

陈源恺 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(11)

地面固定式激光扫描系统能够获取大面积高分辨率的被测对象表面三维数据,本研究通过对固定式LiDAR激光数据做初分类,从地面点中粗提取具有少量噪声的建筑墙面数据,然后利用平面区域分割算法和立面约束条件提取建筑物墙面数据。在对两份固定式三维激光扫描点云的实验中,通过对不同分辨率的数据利用本文所提算法都取得了较好的墙面提取效果,实验证明了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献   

视觉感受与Markov随机场相结合的高分辨率遥感影像分割法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许妙忠  丛铭  万丽娟  解天鹏  朱晓玲 《测绘学报》2015,44(2):198-205

鉴于视觉感受对外界强大的感知与识别能力,模拟视觉神经感知的工作机制,并结合Markov随机场模型,提出一种影像分割方法。首先,分析视觉感知系统的工作机制,将其特性归纳为等级层次性、学习能力、特征检测能力和稀疏编码特性,继而利用小波变换、非监督聚类、特征分析和Laplace分布模拟视觉工作机制,然后结合Markov随机场模型实现高分辨率遥感影像的分割。通过不同卫星的真实遥感影像进行了相关试验。试验结果表明本文提出的方法在高分辨率遥感影像分割任务中有非常良好的表现。  相似文献   

基于机器学习的降雨量雷达回波数据建模与预测     

陈晓平  陈易旺  施建华 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(4):483-494

以浙江省2016年1-10月的雷达回波强度数据为基础,分别应用随机森林模型、BP神经网络模型、卷积神经网络模型来预测降雨量并进行对比.建模分析结果表明,随机森林模型预测效果精确度较低,容易低估较大的降雨强度,而BP神经网络和卷积神经网络预测的效果都比随机森林好,特别是卷积神经网络,其预测值与真实值更加接近,且对较大的降雨强度拟合较好.  相似文献   

基于随机森林的暴雨灾害人口损失预估模型及应用     

刘扬  王维国 《气象》2020,46(3):393-402

基于2009—2017年的广西县级暴雨灾情记录,综合考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体因素选取7个解释变量,运用随机森林算法,构建暴雨灾害人口损失预估模型;并以精细化网格降水实况分析和预报产品驱动模型,预估是否发生人口损失。研究结果表明:模型训练样本及测试样本的分类准确率均在90%以上,致灾因子(降水情况)是最主要的解释变量,重要性从大到小依次是前10 d降水距平百分率、过程最大日雨量、最大小时雨量和短时强降水频次。应用智能网格降水产品对广西地区近两年的暴雨灾害过程进行回报试验,准确率超过70%。  相似文献   

土层随机地震反应的动力可靠度计算     

门玉明  黄义 《地球科学与环境学报》2002,24(1):43-45

研究了土层的随机地震反应分析方法 ,建立了基岩输入地震动加速度功率谱函数为白噪声和过滤白噪声时土层的动力可靠度计算理论  相似文献   

位错模式反演的算法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李爽  许才军  王新洲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(1):53-57

综述了大地测量反演算法的发展状况，详细介绍了模拟退火，随机耗费和区间算法等3种优化方法，并基于位错模式，采用模拟的重力测量观测数据，比较了3种算法的反演效果，结果表明：模拟退火法优于随机耗费法，而区间算法的可靠性又优于模拟退火法，区间算法是最可靠的反演方法。  相似文献   

Distribution of the nonlinear random ocean wave period     

侯一筠  李明杰  宋贵霆  司广成  齐鹏  胡珀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):919-923

Because of the intrinsic difficulty in determining distributions for wave periods, previous studies on wave period distribution models have not taken nonlinearity into account and have not performed well in terms of describing and statistically analyzing the probability density distribution of ocean waves. In this study, a statistical model of random waves is developed using Stokes wave theory of water wave dynamics. In addition, a new nonlinear probability distribution function for the wave period is presented with the parameters of spectral density width and nonlinear wave steepness, which is more reasonable as a physical mechanism. The magnitude of wave steepness determines the intensity of the nonlinear effect, while the spectral width only changes the energy distribution. The wave steepness is found to be an important parameter in terms of not only dynamics but also statistics. The value of wave steepness reflects the degree that the wave period distribution skews from the Cauchy distribution, and it also describes the variation in the distribution function, which resembles that of the wave surface elevation distribution and wave height distribution. We found that the distribution curves skew leftward and upward as the wave steepness increases. The wave period observations for the SZFII-1 buoy, made off the coast of Weihai (37°27.6′ N, 122°15.1′ E), China, are used to verify the new distribution. The coefficient of the correlation between the new distribution and the buoy data at different spectral widths (ν=0.3−0.5) is within the range of 0.968 6 to 0.991 7. In addition, the Longuet-Higgins (1975) and Sun (1988) distributions and the new distribution presented in this work are compared. The validations and comparisons indicate that the new nonlinear probability density distribution fits the buoy measurements better than the Longuet-Higgins and Sun distributions do. We believe that adoption of the new wave period distribution would improve traditional statistical wave theory.  相似文献   

Random vectors and spatial analysis by geostatistics for geotechnical applications     

Dae S. Young 《Mathematical Geology》1987,19(6):467-479

Geostatistics is extended to the spatial analysis of vector variables by defining the estimation variance and vector variogram in terms of the magnitude of difference vectors. Many random variables in geotechnology are in vectorial terms rather than scalars, and its structural analysis requires those sample variable interpolations to construct and characterize structural models. A better local estimator will result in greater quality of input models; geostatistics can provide such estimators: kriging estimators. The efficiency of geostatistics for vector variables is demonstrated in a case study of rock joint orientations in geological formations. The positive cross-validation encourages application of geostatistics to spatial analysis of random vectors in geoscience as well as various geotechnical fields including optimum site characterization, rock mechanics for mining and civil structures, cavability analysis of block cavings, petroleum engineering, and hydrologic and hydraulic modelings.  相似文献